Mathematical genius, code-breaker, AI pioneer. Persecuted for his sexuality and died of cyanide poisoning at 41. Posthumously pardoned in 2013.
From Wikipedia
Alan Mathison Turing was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher and theoretical biologist. He was highly influential in the development of theoretical computer science, providing a formalisation of the concepts of algorithm and computation with the Turing machine, which can be considered a model of a general-purpose computer. Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science.