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The Earth's magnetic field is generated by the motion of its liquid iron core.
This description explains how the Earth's magnetic field is generated. The Earth's magnetic field is created by the motion of its liquid iron core. This motion creates a dynamo effect, which generates a magnetic field that extends around the Earth. This magnetic field is important for protecting the Earth from solar
From Wikipedia
Earth's inner core is the innermost geologic layer of the planet Earth. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,230 km (760 mi), which is about 20% of Earth's radius or 70% of the Moon's radius. As recently as February 2025 there are indications that the previously believed solid iron-nickel sphere is partially deformable and undergoing viscous changes