This is the first aerial photograph ever taken, captured in 1858 by French photographer and balloonist Gaspard-Félix Tournachon. The photograph was taken from a tethered balloon at an altitude of around 90 meters, and shows the village of Petit-Bec
From Wikipedia
Aerial photography is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial videography.