The Wawel Royal Ramparts are a series of defensive walls and towers located in the historic city of Krakow, Poland. Built in the 11th century, the ramparts were designed to protect the city and its inhabitants from attack. The walls and towers are made of brick and
The Wawel Royal Castle and the Wawel Hill on which it sits constitute the most historically and culturally significant site in Poland. A fortified residency on the Vistula River in Kraków, it was established on the orders of King Casimir III the Great and enlarged over the centuries into a number of structures around a Polish Renaissance courtyard. It represents nearly all European architectural styles of the Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque periods. With over 3.47 million visitors in 2025, Wawel Castle is the most visited art museum in Poland and the 14th most visited art museum in the world.