The Reformation (1517-1648) was a period of religious and political upheaval in Europe that began with Martin Luther's publication of his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. This sparked a series of events that led to the establishment of Protestantism as an alternative to Catholicism
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church hierarchy. Towards the end of the Renaissance, the Reformation marked the beginning of Protestantism. It is considered one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe.